Muslim Roma or Muslim Gypsies are Romani people The Romani are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe, who trace their origins to medieval India who adopted Islam Islam (Arabic: الإسلام al-’islām, pronounced [ʔislæːm] [note 1]) is the monotheistic religion articulated by the Qur’an, a text considered by its adherents to be the verbatim word of their one, incomparable God (Arabic: الله, Allāh), and by the Prophet of Islam Muhammad's teachings and normative example (in Arabic called. Romanies have usually adopted the predominant religion of the host country. Islam among Romanies is historically associated with life of Romanies within the Ottoman Empire The Ottoman Empire was a regime that lasted from 1299 to 1923. Correspondingly, significant cultural minorities of Muslim Roma are found in Turkey Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey ( Türkiye Cumhuriyeti (help·info)), is a Eurasian country situated in the Anatolian peninsula, located in Western Asia, and Eastern Thrace, located in southeastern Europe. Turkey is one of the six independent Turkic states. Turkey is bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest;, Bosnia and Herzegovina Bosnia and Herzegovina (pronounced /ˈbɒzni.ə hɜrtsɨˈɡoʊvɨnə/ ( listen) or /ˌhɜrtsɨɡoʊˈviːnə/; Bosnian, Croatian, Serbian Latin: Bosna i Hercegovina; Bosnian and Serbian Cyrillic: Босна и Херцеговина) is a country in South-Eastern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south,, Albania Albania ( /ælˈbeɪniə/ al-BAY-nee-ə, Albanian: Shqipëri/Shqipëria, Gheg Albanian: Shqipnia/Shqypnia), officially known as the Republic of Albania (Albanian: Republika e Shqipërisë, pronounced [ɾɛpuˈblika ɛ ʃcipəˈɾiːs]), is a country in South Eastern Europe. It is bordered by Montenegro to the northwest, Kosovo[a] to the northeast,, Egypt Egypt (pronounced /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ ; Arabic: مصر Miṣr, pronounced [misˤɾ] ( listen); Arabic: مِصْر Miṣr [ˈmisˤɾ]; Egyptian Arabic: مَصْر Maṣr [ˈmɑsˤɾ]; Coptic: Ⲭⲏⲙⲓ, kīmi; Egyptian: 𓆎𓅓𓏏𓊖 Kemet), officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula, Kosovo Kosovo is a disputed territory in the Balkans. The partially-recognised Republic of Kosovo (Albanian: Republika e Kosovës; Serbian: Република Косово, Republika Kosovo), a self-declared independent state, has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo. Serbia does not recognise the unilateral, Macedonia Coordinates: 41°36′11″N 21°42′54″E / 41.603°N 21.715°E Macedonia (Macedonian: Македонија; English: /ˌmæsɨˈdoʊniə/ mas-i-DOH-nee-ə), officially the Republic of Macedonia (Република Македонија, transliterated: Republika Makedonija [rɛˈpublika makɛˈdɔnija] ( listen)), is a landlocked country, Greece Greece (English: /ˈɡriːs/ ; Greek: Ελλάδα, Elláda, IPA: [eˈlaða] ( listen); Ancient Greek: Ἑλλάς, Hellás, IPA: [helːás]), also known as Hellas and officially the Hellenic Republic (Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, Ellīnikī́ Dīmokratía, IPA: [eliniˈci ðimokraˈtia]), is a country in southeastern Europe, situated on (around half of the Greek Romani population), Bulgaria Bulgaria (pronounced /bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ Bulgarian: България, transliterated: Bulgaria, pronounced [bɤ̞lˈɡarijɐ]), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, transliterated: Republika Bulgaria, [rɛˈpublikɐ bɤ̞lˈɡarijɐ]), is a country in south-eastern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: (by mid-1990s estimates, Muslim Roma in Bulgaria Bulgaria (pronounced /bʌlˈɡɛəriə/ Bulgarian: България, transliterated: Bulgaria, pronounced [bɤ̞lˈɡarijɐ]), officially the Republic of Bulgaria (Република България, transliterated: Republika Bulgaria, [rɛˈpublikɐ bɤ̞lˈɡarijɐ]), is a country in south-eastern Europe. Bulgaria borders five other countries: constituted about 40% of Roma in Bulgaria.[1]), Romania Romania (pronounced /roʊˈmeɪniə/ roe-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Rumania, Roumania; Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Almost all of the Danube Delta (a very small Muslim Romani group exist in the Dobruja Dobruja, or Dobrudja , is a historical region shared by Bulgaria and Romania, located between the lower Danube river and the Black Sea, including the Danube Delta, Romanian coast and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast. The territory of Dobruja comprises Northern Dobruja, which is part of Romania, and Southern Dobruja, which belongs to region of Romania Romania (pronounced /roʊˈmeɪniə/ roe-MAY-nee-ə; dated: Rumania, Roumania; Romanian: România [romɨˈni.a] ( listen)) is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, north of the Balkan Peninsula, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea. Almost all of the Danube Delta, comprising 1% of the countries Romani population)[2]) and Croatia Croatia (pronounced /kroʊˈeɪʃə/ , kroe-AY-shə; Croatian: Hrvatska pronounced [xř̩ʋaːtskaː]), officially the Republic of Croatia (Croatian: Republika Hrvatska listen (help·info)), is a country in Central Europe and Southeastern Europe at the crossroads of the Pannonian Plain, the Balkans, and the Adriatic Sea. Its capital and largest (45% of the countrie's Romani population[3]). Because of the relative ease of migration in modern times, Muslim Roma may be found in other parts of the world as well.
After the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the parts where Islam is no longer a dominant religion Muslim Roma have found themselves under double discrimination, both on ethnic (Antiziganism Antiziganism or Anti-Romanyism is hostility, prejudice or racism directed at the Romani people, also known as Gypsies) and religious (Islamophobia CERD · CEDAW · CDE · ILO C111 · ILO C100 · ILO C169 · Protocol No. 12 ECHR) grounds.[4]
Muslim Roma throughout Southern Europe call themselves Horahane Roma ("Turkish Roma", also spelled as Khorakhane, Xoraxane, Kharokane, Xoraxai, etc.) and are colloquially referred to as Turkish Roma or Turkish Gypsies in the host countries.
See also
References
- ^ Gerd Nonneman, Tim Niblock, Bogdan Szajkowski (Eds.) (1996) "Muslim Communities in the New Europe", ISBN 0863721923
- ^ Ana Oprişan, George Grigore, "The Muslim Gypsies in Romania", in International Institute for the Study of Islam in the Modern World (ISIM) Newsletter 8, September 2001, p.32; retrieved June 2, 2007
- ^ http://vulnerability.undp.sk/DOCUMENTS/croatia.pdf
- ^ Peter G. Danchin, Elizabeth A. Cole (Eds.) (2002) "Protecting the Human Rights of Religious Minorities in Eastern Europe", ISBN 0231124759
Further reading
| Romani people around the world The Romani are an ethnic group living mostly in Europe, who trace their origins to medieval India |
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Cultural groups
Roma (Boyash Boyash refers to a Romani ethnic group living in Romania, southern Hungary, northeastern Croatia, western Vojvodina, Slovakia, the Balkans, but also in the Americas and Australia. They are part of Romani branch of Roma. Alternative names are Rudari (Ludari), Lingurari and Zlătari. The Zlătari Church (Biserica Zlătari), one of the oldest • Kalderash The Kalderash is the name of one of subgroups of Romani people from the Roma meta-group. As a Romani sub-group, they originated in present day Romania, but have migrated to other parts of the world. They were traditionally smiths and metal workers and speak a number of Romani dialects grouped together under the term Kalderash Romani, a sub-group • Lovari • Machvaya The Machvaya are a group of Roma originating specifically from Serbia (from Mačva). They are seen by some to be an offshoot of the Kalderash and by others to be set apart from them. Natural Romani migration coupled with the war in the Balkans has meant there are an increased number of Machvaya living in other countries, specifically where there • Ruska Roma • Servitko Roma • Ursari The Ursari or Richinara are the traditionally-nomad occupational group of animal trainers among the Roma people. An endogamous category originally drawing the bulk of its income from busking performances in which they used brown bears and, in several instances, Old world monkeys, they have largely become settled after the 1850s. The Ursari form an • Muslim Roma) • Ashkali The Ashkali (also Aschkali, Hashkali, Aškalije , Haškalije (Хашкалије)) are an Albanian speaking ethnic minority of Kosovo and Albania. They are usually considered Albanized Roma, but parts of the group self-identify as "Egyptians" (Albanian: Egjiptian; Serbian: Египћани, Egipćani or Ђупци, Đupci; Macedonian: Е • Cascarots • Erromintxela Erromintxela [erominˈtʃela] is the distinctive language of a group of Roma living in the Basque Country, who also go by the name Erromintxela. It is sometimes called Basque Caló or Errumantxela in English;caló vasco, romaní vasco, or errominchela in Spanish; and euskado-rromani or euskado-romani in French. Although detailed accounts of the • Gitanos The Romani people in Spain are generally known as Gitanos. Spanish Romanies belong to the Iberian Kale Romani group with smaller populations in Portugal and southern France. They tend to speak Caló which is basically Andalusian Spanish with a large number of Romani loan words. Estimates of the Spanish Romani population fluctuate between 600,000 • Finnish Kale • Welsh Kale The Kale are a group of Romani people who reside in Wales. Many claim to be descendant of Abram Wood, who was the first Romani to reside permanently and exclusively in Wales in the early 1700s, though Romanies have appeared in Wales since the 1400s. Generally speaking, the Kale have employed a tribal structure in which a group of several family • Romanichal The Romanichals are groups of Romani people (also known as Gypsies) found in some parts of the United Kingdom, notably England. The word "Romanichal" is derived from Romani chal, where chal is Angloromani for "fellow" • Sinti Sinti or Sinta or Sinte is the name of a Romani or Gypsy population in Europe. Traditionally nomadic, today only a small percentage of the group remains unsettled. In earlier times, they frequently lived on the outskirts of communities, generally in squalor • Manouche The Romani people are divided into a number of distinct populations, the largest being the Roma, located originally, and currently still mostly, in Central and Eastern Europe • Scandinavian Travellers (Tavinger, Romanisæl) The Norwegian and Swedish Travellers (Norwegian: romanifolket; Swedish: resande; Scandoromani: romanisæl, romanoar, romani, tavringer/ar) are a group or branch of the Romani people (also known as "Gypsies") that have been resident in Norway and Sweden for some 500 years, as distinct from other Romanies who arrived starting in the late 19 • Kawliya
(sometimes considered Romani: Dom Domari, Arabic, Persian, Kurdish, Turkish, Egyptian Arabic, Levantine Arabic, Iraqi Arabic, Greek • Lom The Lom people, also called Bosha , are an ethnic group of Transcaucasia, also known as "Armenian Gypsies" . Their Lomavren language is a mixed language combining Indo-Aryan and Armenian. The Lom like the Dom are sometimes considered a separate branch of the proto-Romani people who remained in Eastern Asia Minor and Armenia in the 11th • Lyuli Lyuli or Luli [lju`li:] are a subgroup of the Dom people living in Central Asia, primarily Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan. Lyuli speak a Lyuli dialect of the Domari language • Bosha The Lom people, also called Bosha , are an ethnic group of Transcaucasia, also known as "Armenian Gypsies" . Their Lomavren language is a mixed language combining Indo-Aryan and Armenian. The Lom like the Dom are sometimes considered a separate branch of the proto-Romani people who remained in Eastern Asia Minor and Armenia in the 11th • Garachi The Garachi , also spelled Karachi or Karaci, are a group of Romani people[citation needed] living in Azerbaijan. Little research has been done on the Garachi, and most of what is known about them is based on the works of the 19th-century Russian scholars Kerope Patkanov and Jean-Marie Chopin)
By location The Romani people are divided into a number of distinct populations, the largest being the Roma, located originally, and currently still mostly, in Central and Eastern Europe:
Central and Eastern Europe: Croatia • Bosnia and Herzegovina • Bulgaria The Roma in Bulgaria are the country's second largest minority and third largest ethnic group . According to the 2001 census, there were 370,908 Roma in Bulgaria, equivalent to 4.7% of the country's total population, making Bulgaria the European country with the highest percentage of Roma. Experts' unofficial estimates, however, have the Roma • Greece • Cyprus The Romani people are divided into a number of distinct populations, the largest being the Roma, located originally, and currently still mostly, in Central and Eastern Europe • Hungary • Kosovo • Macedonia • Romania • Russia • Serbia • Slovakia • Spain The Romani people in Spain are generally known as Gitanos. Spanish Romanies belong to the Iberian Kale Romani group with smaller populations in Portugal and southern France. They tend to speak Caló which is basically Andalusian Spanish with a large number of Romani loan words. Estimates of the Spanish Romani population fluctuate between 600,000 • Ukraine The presence of a Roma minority in Ukraine was first documented in the early 14th century. Roma maintained their social organizations and folkways, shunning non-Roma contacts, education and values, often as a reaction to anti-Roma attitudes and persecution. They adopted the language and faith of the dominant society being Orthodox in most of
Western and Northern Europe: Finland • France • Spain The Romani people in Spain are generally known as Gitanos. Spanish Romanies belong to the Iberian Kale Romani group with smaller populations in Portugal and southern France. They tend to speak Caló which is basically Andalusian Spanish with a large number of Romani loan words. Estimates of the Spanish Romani population fluctuate between 600,000
Near East: Armenia The Lom people, also called Bosha , are an ethnic group of Transcaucasia, also known as "Armenian Gypsies" . Their Lomavren language is a mixed language combining Indo-Aryan and Armenian. The Lom like the Dom are sometimes considered a separate branch of the proto-Romani people who remained in Eastern Asia Minor and Armenia in the 11th • Syria The Nawar constitute a minor ethnic group in Syria and around the middle east, also to be found in Israel , Gaza, and the West Bank. They are a subgroup of the itinerant Dom people. This numerically small, widely dispersed people seems to have migrated to the region from the east in Byzantine times. As in other countries, they tend to keep apart • Turkey
Americas: Black Dutch Black Dutch is a term with several different meanings in United States dialect and slang. It generally refers to racial, ethnic, or cultural roots, but its meaning is different in different parts of the nation. A few different groups of people have used the term "Black Dutch," often as ancestral reference
Settlements and communities
Sulukule Sulukule is an old settlement in Istanbul, Turkey. It is within the area of Istanbul’s historic peninsula, in Fatih municipality - adjacent to the western part of the Theodosian Wall, which has historically been occupied by Romani communities. Roma presence in this part of Istanbul dates back to Byzantine times, while it is in the 15th century, • Agia Varvara • Mitrovica refugee camps • Stolipinovo • Rudolice nad Bílinou • Šuto Orizari Municipality • Bangladeš • Budeşti • Jatagan Mala • Zanea
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Categories: Romani groups | Muslims by nationality |
