Karl Heinrich Marx (5 May 1818 – 14 March 1883) was a German political philosopher, political economist, and social theorist.

Contents 1 Sourced 1.1 Zur Judenfrage 1.2 Ökonomisch-philosophisch Manuskripteaus dem Jahre 1844 1.3 Die Deutsche Ideologie 1.4 Das Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei 1.5 Grundrisse (1857) 1.6 Das Kapital (Buch I) (1867) 1.7 Das Kapital (Buch II) (1893) 1.8 Das Kapital (Buch III) (1894) 1.9 Miscellaneous 2 Quotes About Karl Marx 3 Attributed 4 Misattributed 5 References 6 External links

Sourced

The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways. The point, however, is to change it.

• The philosophers have only interpreted the world, in various ways. The point, however, is to change it.
  • "Theses on Feuerbach" (1845), Thesis 11, Marx Engels Selected Works,(MESW), Volume I, p. 15
  • Engraved upon his tomb

• Is that to say we are against Free Trade? No, we are for Free Trade, because by Free Trade all economical laws, with their most astounding contradictions, will act upon a larger scale, upon the territory of the whole earth; and because from the uniting of all these contradictions in a single group, where they will stand face to face, will result the struggle which will itself eventuate in the emancipation of the proletariat.
  • Writing in the Chartist newspaper, 1847. (Marx Engels Collected Works Vol 6, pg 290).

• If I negate powdered wigs, I am still left with unpowdered wigs.
  • Introduction to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1844)

• "[The career a young man should choose should be] one that is most consonant with our dignity, one that is based on ideas of whose truth we are wholly convinced, one that offers us largest scope in working for humanity and approaching that general goal towards which each profession offers only one of the means: the goal of perfection [...] If he works only for himself he can become a famous scholar, a great sage, an excellent imaginative writer [Dichter], but never a perfected, a truly great man."
  • "A Young Man's Reflections on the Choice of a Career", in: Prawer, S. S. (1976) Karl Marx and World Literature, Oxford University Press, p.2

• Religious suffering is, at one and the same time, the expression of real suffering and a protest against real suffering. Religion is the sigh of the oppressed creature, the heart of a heartless world, and the soul of soulless conditions. It is the opium of the people. The abolition of religion as the illusory happiness of the people is the demand for their real happiness. To call on them to give up their illusions about their condition is to call on them to give up a condition that requires illusions. The criticism of religion is, therefore, in embryo, the criticism of that vale of tears of which religion is the halo. Criticism has plucked the imaginary flowers on the chain not in order that man shall continue to bear that chain without fantasy or consolation, but so that he shall throw off the chain and pluck the living flower.
  • Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right, Introduction..., p. 1 (1843)(italics as per text...)

• It is clear that the arm of criticism cannot replace the criticism of arms. Material force can only be overthrown by material force, but theory itself becomes a material force when it has seized the masses. Theory is capable of seizing the masses when it demonstrates ad hominem, and it demonstrates ad hominem as soon as it becomes radical. To be radical is to grasp things by the root. But for man the root is man himself. What proves beyond doubt the radicalism of German theory, and thus its practical energy, is that it begins from the resolute positive abolition of religion. The criticism of religion ends with the doctrine that man is the supreme being for man. It ends, therefore, with the categorical imperative to overthrow all those conditions in which man is an abased, enslaved, abandoned, contemptible being—conditions which can hardly be better described than in the exclamation of a Frenchman on the occasion of a proposed tax upon dogs: 'Wretched dogs! They want to treat you like men!'
  • Contribution to the Critique of Hegel's Philosophy of Right (1843)

Karl Marx statue

• History is not like some individual person, which uses men to achieve its ends. History is nothing but the actions of men in pursuit of their ends.
  • Die Heilige Familie, Chapter VI, (1845)

Karl Marx

• A house may be large or small; as long as the neighboring houses are likewise small, it satisfies all social requirement for a residence. But let there arise next to the little house a palace, and the little house shrinks to a hut. The little house now makes it clear that its inmate has no social position at all to maintain, or but a very insignificant one; and however high it may shoot up in the course of civilization, if the neighboring palace rises in equal or even in greater measure, the occupant of the relatively little house will always find himself more uncomfortable, more dissatisfied, more cramped within his four walls.
  • Wage Labour and Capital (A pamphlet) (December 1847), Marx Engels Selected Works, (MESW), Volume I, p. 163

• Hegel remarks somewhere that all facts and personages of great importance in world history occur, as it were, twice. He forgot to add: the first time as a tragedy, the second time as farce.
  • The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Bonaparte (1852), Marx Engels Selected Works, (MESW), Volume I, p. 398
  • Compare: "This world is a comedy to those that think, a tragedy to those that feel," –Horace Walpole

• Men make their own history, but they do not make it as they please; they do not make it under self-selected circumstances, but under circumstances existing already, given and transmitted from the past. The tradition of all dead generations weighs like a nightmare on the brains of the living.
  • The Eighteenth Brumaire of Louis Napoleon (1852)

• It is a bad thing to perform menial duties even for the sake of freedom; to fight with pinpricks, instead of with clubs. I have become tired of hypocrisy, stupidity, gross arbitrariness, and of our bowing and scraping, dodging, and hair-splitting over words. Consequently, the government has given me back my freedom.
  • Letter from Marx to Arnold Ruge on 25 January 1843, after the Prussian government dissolved the newspaper Neue Rheinische Zeitung, of which Marx was the editor

• In the social production of their life, men enter into definite relations that are indispensable and independent of their will; these relations of production correspond to a definite stage of development of their material forces of production. The sum total of these relations of production constitutes the economic structure of society - the real foundation, on which rises a legal and political superstructure and to which correspond definite forms of social consciousness. The mode of production of material life determines the social, political and intellectual life process in general. It is not the consciousness of men that determines their being, but, on the contrary, their social being that determines their consciousness. At a certain stage of their development, the material productive forces in society come in conflict with the existing relations of production, or - what is but a legal expression for the same thing - with the property relations within which they have been at work before. From forms of development of the productive forces these relations turn into fetters. Then begins an epoch of social revolution. With the change of the economic foundation the entire immense superstructure is more or less rapidly transformed. In considering such transformations a distinction should always be made between the material transformation of the economic conditions of production, which can be determined with the precision of natural science, and the legal, political, religious, aesthetic or philosophic - in short, ideological forms in which men become conscious of this conflict and fight it out. Just as our opinion of an individual is not based on what he thinks of himself, so we can not judge of such a period of transformation by its own consciousness; on the contrary, this consciousness must be explained rather from the contradictions of material life, from the existing conflict between the social productive forces and the relations of production. No social order ever disappears before all the productive forces for which there is room in it have been developed; and new, higher relations of production never appear before the material conditions of their existence have matured in the womb of the old society itself. Therefore, mankind always sets itself only such tasks as it can solve; since, looking at the matter more closely, we will always find that the task itself arises only when the material conditions necessary for its solution already exist or are at least in the process of formation. In broad outlines we can designate the Asiatic, the ancient, the feudal, and the modern bourgeois modes of production as so many progressive epochs in the economic formation of society. The bourgeois relations of production are the last antagonistic form of the social process of production - antagonistic not in the sense of individual antagonism, but of one arising from the social conditions of life of the individuals; at the same time the productive forces developing in the womb of bourgeois society create the material conditions for the solution of that antagonism. This social formation constitutes, therefore, the closing chapter of the prehistoric stage of human society.
  • Preface to 'A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy' (1859)

Karl Marx

• From each according to his abilities, to each according to his needs.
  • The Criticism of the Gotha Program (1875)
  • Variant translation: From each according to his ability, to each according to his need.

• We are ruthless and ask no quarter from you. When our turn comes we shall not disguise our terrorism.
  • Marx-Engels Gesamt-Ausgabe, vol. vi pp 503-5 (The final issue of Neue Rheinische Zeitung, 18 May 1849)

• Neither of us cares a straw for popularity. A proof of this is for example, that, because of aversion to any personality cult, I have never permitted the numerous expressions of appreciation from various countries with which I was pestered during the existence of the International to reach the realm of publicity, and have never answered them, except occasionally by a rebuke. When Engels and I first joined the secret Communist Society we made it a condition that everything tending to encourage superstitious belief in authority was to be removed from the statutes.
  • "Against Personality Cults," from a November 10, 1877 letter to W. Blos

Zur_Judenfrage">

Zur Judenfrage

On the Jewish Question (1843), by Karl Marx

• Every emancipation is a restoration of the human world and of human relationships to a man himself.

Karl Marx

• What is the secular basis of Judaism? Practical need, self-interest. What is the worldly religion of the Jew? Huckstering. What is his worldly God? Money.

• Very well then! Emancipation from huckstering and money, consequently from practical, real Judaism, would be the self-emancipation of our time. An organization of society [such as communism] which would abolish the preconditions for huckstering, and therefore the possibility of huckstering, would make [this] Jew impossible. His religious consciousness would be dissipated like a thin haze in the real, vital air of society. On the other hand, if the Jew recognizes that this practical nature of his is futile and works to abolish it, he extricates himself from his previous development and works for human emancipation as such and turns against the supreme practical expression of human self-estrangement.

Ökonomisch-philosophisch_Manuskripteaus_dem_Jahre_1844">

Ökonomisch-philosophisch Manuskripteaus dem Jahre 1844

Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844, by Karl Marx

• Political Economy regards the proletarian ... like a horse, he must receive enough to enable him to work. It does not consider him, during the time when he is not working, as a human being. It leaves this to criminal law, doctors, religion, statistical tables, politics, and the beadle.[...] (1) What is the meaning, in the development of mankind, of this reduction of the greater part of mankind to abstract labor? (2) What mistakes are made by the piecemeal reformers, who either want to raise wages and thereby improve the situation of the working class, or — like Proudhon — see equality of wages as the goal of social revolution?.
  • Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts (1844)

• Feuerbach is the only one who has a serious, critical attitude to the Hegelian dialectic and who has made genuine discoveries in this field. He is in fact the true conqueror of the old philosophy. The extent of his achievement, and the unpretentious simplicity with which he, Feuerbach, gives it to the world, stand in striking contrast to the opposite attitude (of the others). Feuerbach’s great achievement is: (1) The proof that philosophy is nothing else but religion rendered into thought and expounded by thought, i.e., another form and manner of existence of the estrangement of the essence of man; hence equally to be condemned;(2) The establishment of true materialism and of real science, by making the social relationship of “man to man” the basic principle of the theory; (3) His opposing of the negation of the negation, which claims to be the absolute positive, the self-supporting positive, positively based on itself.
  • Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts (1844)

• The fact that labour is external to the worker, i.e., it does not belong to his intrinsic nature; that in his work, therefore he does not affirm himself but denies himself, does not feel content but unhappy, does not develop freely his physical and mental energy but mortifies his body and his mind. The worker therefore only feels himself outside his work, and in his work feels outside himself.
  • Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts (1844)

• Communism... is the genuine resolution of the antagonism between man and nature and between man and man; it is the true resolution of the conflict between existence and essence, objectification and self-affirmation, freedom and necessity, individual and species. It is the riddle of history solved and knows itself as the solution.
  • Economic & Philosophical Manuscripts 89 (1844)

Die_Deutsche_Ideologie">

Die Deutsche Ideologie

The German Ideology (1845/46), by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

• Communism is for us not a state of affairs which is to be established, an ideal to which reality [will] have to adjust itself. We call communism the real movement which abolishes the present state of things. The conditions of this movement result from the premises now in existence.
  • Volume I, Part 1

• The first premise of all human history is, of course, the existence of living human individuals. Thus the first fact to be established is the physical organisation of these individuals and their consequent relation to the rest of nature.
  • Volume I; Part 1; "Feuerbach. Opposition of the Materialist and Idealist Outlook"; Section A, "Idealism and Materialism"

• The fact is, therefore, that definite individuals who are productively active in a definite way enter into these definite social and political relations. Empirical observation must in each separate instance bring out empirically, and without any mystification and speculation, the connection of the social and political structure with production. The social structure and the state are continually evolving out of the life-process of definite individuals, but of individuals, not as they appear in their own or other people's imagination, but as they really are; i.e. as they are effective, produce materially, and are active under definite material limits, presuppositions and conditions independent of their will.

  The production of ideas, of conceptions, of consciousness, is at first directly interwoven with the material activity and the material intercourse of men, the language of real life. Conceiving, thinking, the mental intercourse of men, appear at this stage as the direct efflux of their material behaviour. The same applies to mental production as expressed in the language of the politics, laws, morality, religion, metaphysics of a people. Men are the producers of their conception, ideas, etc. — real, active men, as they are conditioned by a definite development of their productive forces and of the intercourse corresponding to these, up to its furthest forms. Consciousness can never be anything else than conscious existence, and the existence of men is their actual life-process. If in all ideology men and their circumstances appear upside down as in a camera obscura, this phenomenon arises just as much from their historical life-process as the inversion of objects on the retina does from their physical life-process.

Karl Marx

• Where speculation ends — in real life — there real, positive science begins: the representation of the practical activity, of the practical process of development of men. Empty talk about consciousness ceases, and real knowledge has to take place. When reality is depicted, philosophy as an independent branch of activity loses its medium of existence. At the best its place can only be taken by a summing-up of the most general results, abstractions which arise from the observation of the historical development of men. Viewed apart from real history, these abstractions have in themselves no value whatsoever. They can only serve to facilitate the arrangement of historical material, to indicate the sequence of its seperate strata. But they by no means afford a recipe or schema, as does philosophy, for neatly trimming the epochs of history. On the contrary, our difficulties begin only when we set about the observation and the arrangement — the real depiction — of our historical material, whether of a past epoch or of the present.
  • Volume I, Part 1, [The Materialist Conception of History].

• Communism differs from all previous movements in that it overturns the basis of all earlier relations of production and intercourse, and for the first time consciously treats all natural premises as the creatures of hitherto existing men, strips them of their natural character and subjugates them to the power of the united individuals. Its organisation is, therefore, essentially economic, the material production of the conditions of this unity; it turns existing conditions into conditions of unity. The reality, which communism is creating, is precisely the true basis for rendering it impossible that anything should exist independently of individuals, insofar as reality is only a product of the preceding intercourse of individuals themselves.
  • Volume I, Part 4

• Nicht das Bewußtsein bestimmt das Leben, sondern das Leben bestimmt das Bewußtsein.
  • It is in fact not the consciousness dominating life but the very life dominating consciousness.
  • Volume III, 27.

• Sprache entsteht, wie das Bewußtsein, erst aus dem Bedürfnis, der Notdurft des Verkehrs mit anderen Menschen.
  • Language comes into being, like consciousness, from the basic need, from the scantiest intercourse with other human.
  • Volume III, 30.

• Philosophy stands in the same relation to the study of the actual world as masturbation to sexual love.
  • (The German Ideology, International Publishers, ed. Chris Arthur, p. 103)

Das_Manifest_der_Kommunistischen_Partei">

Das Manifest der Kommunistischen Partei

The Manifesto of the Communist Party (1848), by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels

• A spectre is haunting Europe; the spectre of Communism.
  • Preamble, paragraph 1, line 1

• The history of all hitherto existing society is the history of class struggles.
  • Section 1, paragraph 1, lines 1-2

• The bourgeoissie, wherever it has got the upper hand, has put an end to all feudal, patriarchal,idyllic relations. It has pitilessly torn asunder the motley of ties that bound man to his "natural superiors," and left remaining no other nexus between man and man than naked self-interest, than callous "cash payment."
  • Section 1, paragraph 14, lines 1-5

• Constant revolutionizing of production, uninterrupted disturbance of all social conditions, everlasting uncertainty and agitation distinguish the bourgeosis epoch from all earlier ones.
  • Section 1, paragraph 18, lines 6-9

• All that is solid melts into air, all that is holy is profaned, and man is at last compelled to face with sober senses, his real conditions of life, and his relations with his kind.
  • Section 1, paragraph 18, lines 12-14

• " a class of labourers, who live only so long as they find work, and who find work only so long as their labour increase capital. These labourers, who must sell themselves piecemeal, are a commodity, like every other article of commerce, and are consequently exposed to all the vicissitudes of competition, to all the fluctuations of the market."
  • Section 1, paragraph 30, lines 3-8

• He becomes an appendage of the machine, and it is only the most simple, most monotonous, and most easily acquired knack, that is required of him. Hence, the cost of production of a workman is restricted, almost entirely, to the means of subsistence that he requires for his maintenance, and for the propagation of his race.
  • Section 1, paragraph 31, lines 3-8

• No sooner is the exploitation of the labourer by the manufacturer, so far, at an end, that he receives his wages in cash, than he is set upon by the other portions of the bourgeoisie, the landlord, the shopkeeper, the pawnbroker, etc.
  • Section 1, paragraph 34

• But every class struggle is a political struggle.
  • Section 1, paragraph 39, lines 8-9

• Of all the classes that stand face to face with the bourgeoisie today, the proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class.
  • Section 1, paragraph 44, lines 1-2

• Law, morality, religion, are to him so many bourgeois prejudices, behind which lurk in ambush just as many bourgeois interests.
  • Section 1, paragraph 47, lines 7-9

• What the bourgeoisie therefore produces, above all, are its own grave-diggers. Its fall and the victory of the proletariat are equally inevitable.
  • Section 1, paragraph 53, lines 11-13

Karl Marx statue

• The theory of Communism may be summed up in the single sentence: Abolition of private property.
  • Section 2, paragraph 13

• All that we want to do away with is the miserable character of this appropriation, under which the labourer lives merely to increase capital, and allowed to live only so far as the interest to the ruling class requires it.
  • Section 2, paragraph 20, lines 9-13

• Communism deprives no man of the power to appropriate the products of society; all that it does is to deprive him of the power to subjugate the labour of others by means of such appropriation.
  • Section 2, paragraph 30

• The working men have no country. We cannot take away from them what they have not got.
  • Section 2, paragraph 51, lines 1-2

• When people speak of ideas that revolutionize society, they do but express the fact that within the old society, the elements of a new one have been created,and that the dissolution of the old ideas keeps even pace with the dissolution of the old conditions of existence.
  • Section 2, paragraph 58

• The Communist revolution is the most radical rupture with traditional property relations; no wonder that its development involves the most radical rupture with traditional ideas.
  • Section 2, paragraph 64

• In place of the bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, shall we have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.
  • Section 2, paragraph 72 (last paragraph)

• In political practice, therefore, they join in all coercive measures against the working class;and in ordinary life, despite the high-falutin phrases, they stoop to pick up the golden apples, and to barter truth, love, and honour for traffic in wool, beet-root sugar, and potato spirits.
  • Section 3, paragraph 9

Karl Marx statue Chemnitz, Germany

• The Communists disdain to conceal their views and aims. They openly declare that their ends can be attained only by the forcible overthrow of all existing social conditions. Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communistic revolution. The proletarians have nothing to lose but their chains. They have a world to win. WORKING MEN OF ALL COUNTRIES, UNITE!
  • Section 4, paragraph 11, (last paragraph)

Grundrisse_(1857)">

Grundrisse (1857)

"Grundrisse der Kritik der politischen Ökonomie/Rohentwurf" (A Contribution to the Critique of Political Economy" (1857/58)

• The object before us, to begin with, material production.
  • Introduction, p. 3 (first text page, first line..)

• The industrial peak of a people when its main concern is not yet gain, but rather to gain.
  • Introduction, p. 7

• Consumption is also immediately production, just as in nature the consumption of the elements and chemical substances is the production of the plant.
  • Introduction, p. 10

• No production without a need. But consumption reproduces the need.
  • Introduction, p. 12

• The object of art - like every other product - creates a public which is sensitive to art and enjoys beauty.
  • Introduction, p. 12

• The individual produces an object and, by consuming it, returns to himself, but returns as a productive and self reproducing individual. Consumption thus appears as a moment of production.
  • Introduction, p. 14

• But there is a devil of a difference between barbarians who are fit by nature to be used for anything, and civilized people who apply them selves to everything.
  • Introduction, p. 25

• What chance has Vulcan against Roberts & Co., Jupiter against the lightning-rod and Hermes against the Credit Mobilier? All mythology overcomes and dominates and shapes the forces of nature in the imagination and by the imagination; it therefore vanishes with the advent of real mastery over them.
  • Introduction, p. 30

• From another side: is Achilles possible with powder and lead? Or the Iliad with the printing press, not to mention the printing machine? Do not the song and saga of the muse necessarily come to an end with the printer's bar, hence do not the necessary conditions of epic poetry vanish?
  • Introduction, p. 31

• A man cannot become a child again, or he becomes childish.
  • Introduction, p. 31

• What's sauce for the gander is sauce for the goose.
  • Introduction, p. 37

• Supply and demand constantly determine the prices of commodities; never balance, or only coincidentally; but the cost of production, for its part, determines the oscillations of supply and demand.
  • Notebook I, The Chapter on Money, p. 58

• The unity is brought about by force.
  • Notebook I, The Chapter on Money, p. 70

• Each pursues his private interest and only his private interest; and thereby serves the private interests of all, the general interest, without willing it or knowing it. The real point is not that each individual's pursuit of his private interest promotes the totality of private interests, the general interest. One could just as well deduce from this abstract phrase that each individual reciprocally blocks the assertion of the others' interests, so that,instead of a general affirmation, this war of all against all produces a general negation.
  • Notebook I, The Chapter on Money, p. 76

• Ideas do not exist separately from language.
  • Notebook I, The Chapter on Money, p. 83

• Money does not arise by convention, any more than the state does. It arises out of exchange,and arises naturally out of exchange; it is a product of the same.
  • Notebook I, The Chapter on Money, p. 85

• Money appears as measure(in Homer, e.g. oxen) earlier than as medium of exchange,because in barter each commodity is still its own medium of exchange. But it cannot be its own or its own standard of comparison.
  • Notebook I, The Chapter on Money, p. 93

• The circulation of commodities is the original precondition of the circulation of money.
  • Notebook I, The Chapter on Money, p. 107

• Since labour is motion, time is its natural measure.
  • Notebook I, The Chapter on Money, p. 125

• Exchange value forms the substance of money, and exchange value is wealth.
  • Notebook II, The Chapter on Money, p. 141

• Money is therefore not only the object but also the fountainhead of greed.
  • Notebook II, The Chapter on Money, p. 142

• In fact of course, this 'productive' worker cares as much about the crappy shit he has to make as does the capitalist himself who employs him, and who also couldn't give a damn for the junk.
  • Notebook II, The Chapter on Capital, p. 193

• Surplus value is exactly equal to surplus labour; the increase of the one [is] exactly measured by the diminution of necessary labour.
  • Notebook III, The Chapter on Capital, p. 259

• (That is it!)
  • Notebook III, The Chapter on Capital, p. 260 (In English in the original.)

• Capitals accumulate faster than the population; thus wages; thus population; thus grain prices; thus the difficulty of production and hence the exchange values.
  • Notebook III, The Chapter on Capital, p.271

• The devil take this wrong arithmetic. But never mind.
  • Notebook IV, The Chapter on Capital, p. 297

• An increase in the productivity of labour means nothing more than that the same capital creates the same value with less labour, or that less labour creates the same product with more capital.
  • Notebook IV, The Chapter on Capital, p. 308

• Luxury is the opposite of the naturally necessary.
  • Notebook V, The Chapter on Capital, p. 448

• Although usury is itself a form of credit in its bourgeoisified form, the form adapted to capital, in its pre-bourgeois form it is rather the expression of the lack of credit.
  • Notebook V, The Chapter on Capital, p. 455

• The circulation of capital realizes value, while living labour creates value.
  • Notebook V, The Chapter on Capital, p. 463

• Something that is merely negative creates nothing.
  • Notebook VI, The Chapter on Capital, p. 532

• Money is itself a product of circulation.
  • Notebook VI, The Chapter on Capital, p. 579

• Die Gesellschaft besteht nicht aus Individuen, sondern drückt die Summe der Beziehungen, Verhältnisse aus, worin diese Individuen zueinander stehn.
  • Any society does not consist of individuals but expresses the sum of relationships [and] conditions that the individual actor is forming.

• Die Natur baut keine Maschinen, keine Lokomotiven, Eisenbahnen, electric telegraphs, selfacting mules etc. Sie sind Produkte der menschlichen Industrie; natürliches Material, verwandelt in Organe des menschlichen Willens über die Natur oder seiner Betätigung in der Natur. Sie sind von der menschlichen Hand geschaffene Organe des menschlichen Hirns; vergegenständliche Wissenskraft. Die Entwicklung des capital fixe zeigt an, bis zu welchem Grade das allgemeine gesellschaftliche Wissen, knowledge, zur unmittelbaren Produktivkraft geworden ist und daher die Bedingungen des gesellschaftlichen Lebensprozesses selbst unter die Kontrolle des general intellect gekommen, und ihm gemäß umgeschaffen sind.
  • Nature builds no machines, no locomotives, railways, electric telegraphs, self-acting mules etc. These are products of human industry; natural material transformed into organs of the human will over nature, or of human participation in nature. They are organs of the human brain, created by the human hand; the power of knowledge, objectified. The development of fixed capital indicates to what degree general social knowledge has become a direct force of production, and to what degree, hence, the conditions of the process of social life itself have come under the control of the general intellect and been transformed in accordance with it.
  • Notebook VII, The Chapter on Capital, p. 626

About Beauty :'The beauty is the main positive form of the aesthetic assimilation of reality,in which aesthetic ideal finds it direct expression...' (another English translation of grundrisse)

• The most developed machinery thus forces the worker to work longer than the savage does, or than he himself did with the simplest, crudest tools.
  • Notebook VII, The Chapter on Capital, p. 628-629 (Italics as per text..)

• The economic concept of value does not occur in antiquity.
  • Notebook VII, The Chapter on Capital, p. 696

• It might otherwise appear paradoxical that money can be replaced by worthless paper; but that the slightest alloying of its metallic content depreciates it.
  • Notebook VII, The Chapter on Capital, p. 734

• Is a fixed income not a good thing? Does not everyone love to count on a sure thing? Especially every petty-bourgeois, narrow-minded Frenchman? the 'ever needy' man?
  • (BASTIAT AND CAREY), p. 809-810

• It is impossible to persue this nonsense any further.
  • (BASTIAT AND CAREY), p. 813 (last text page, second last line..)

Das_Kapital_(Buch_I)_(1867)">

Das Kapital (Buch I) (1867)

Capital, Volume I (Capital: A Critique of Political Economy) (1867)

• Every beginning is difficult, holds in all sciences.
  • AUTHOR'S PREFACES. To The First Edition

• I pre-suppose, of course, a reader who is willing to learn something new and therefore to think for himself.
  • AUTHOR'S PREFACES. To The First Edition

• The country that is more developed industrially only shows, to the less developed, the image of its own future.
  • AUTHOR'S PREFACES. To The First Edition

• Perseus wore a magic cap that the monsters he hunted down might not see him. We draw the magic cap down over eyes and ears as a make-believe that there are no monsters.
  • AUTHOR'S PREFACES. To The First Edition

• The most violent, mean and malignant passions of the human breast, the Furies of private interest.
  • AUTHOR'S PREFACES. To The First Edition

• The commodity is first of all, an external object, a thing which through its qualities satisfies human needs of whatever kind. The nature of these needs, whether they arise, for example, from the stomach, or the imagination, makes no difference. Nor does it matter here how the thing satisfies man's need, whether directly as a means of subsistence, i.e. an object of consumption, or indirectly as a means of production
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 1, pg.41

• To discover the various use of things is the work of history.
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 1, pg.42

• Wherever the want of clothing forced them to it, the human race made clothes for thousands of years, without a single man becoming a tailor.
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 2, pg.49

• Every commodity is compelled to chose some other commodity for its equivalent.
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 3, pg.65

• Gold is now money with reference to all other commodities only because it was previously, with reference to them, a simple commodity.
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 3, pg.81

• A commodity appears, at first sight, a very trivial thing, and easily understood.Its analysis shows that it is, in reality, a very queer thing, abounding in metaphysical subtleties and theological niceties.
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 4, pg.81

• There is a physical relation between physical things. But it is different with commodities.
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 4, pg.83

• Value, therefore, does not stalk about with a label describing what it is.
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 4, pg.85 (see Warren Buffet)

• The law of gravity thus asserts itself when a house falls about our ears.
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 4, pg.86

• The religious world is but the reflex of the real world.
  • Volume I, Chapter 1, Section 4, pg.91

• Money is a crystal formed of necessity in the course of the exchanges, whereby different products of labour are practically equated to one another and thus by practice converted into commodities.
  • Volume I, Chapter 2, pg.99

• Under the ideal measure of values there lurks the hard cash.
  • Volume I, Chapter 3, Section 1, pg.116

• We see then, commodities are in love with money, but "the course of true love never did run smooth".
  • Volume I, Chapter 3, Section 2, pg.121

• Hence money may be dirt, although dirt is not money.
  • Volume I, Chapter 3, Section 2, pg.123

• Each piece of money is a mere coin, or means of circulation, only so long as it actually circulates.
  • Volume I, Chapter 3, Section 2(c), pg.145

• Capital is money, capital is commodities. ... By virtue of it being value, it has acquired the occult ability to add value to itself. It brings forth living offspring, or, at the least, lays golden eggs.
  • Volume I, Chapter 4, pg.171 - 172

• It is in this sense that Franklin says, "war is robbery, commerce is generally cheating."
  • Volume I, Chapter 5, pg.182 (on Benjamin Franklin)

• And his money he cannot eat.
  • Volume I, Chapter 7, pg.213

• The way to Hell is paved with good intentions, and he might just as easily have intended to make money, without producing at all.
  • Volume I, Chapter 7, pg.213

• A spider conducts operations that resemble those of a weaver, and a bee puts to shame many an architect in the construction of her cells. But what distinguishes the worst of architects from the best of bees is this, that the architect raises his structure in imagination before he erects it in reality.
  • Volume I, Chapter 7, pg.198

• - man's heart is a wonderful thing, especially when carried in the purse -
  • Volume I, Chapter 9, pg.252

• Capital is dead labor,that vampire-like, only lives by sucking living labor, and lives the more, the more labor it sucks.
  • Volume I, Chapter 10, Section 1, p. 257

• In every stock-jobbing swindle everyone knows that some time or other the crash must come, but every one hopes that it may fall on the head of his neighbour, after he himself has caught the shower of gold and placed it in safety.
  • Volume I, Chapter 10, Section 5, pg.296

• In the United States of North America, every independent movement of the workers was paralysed so long as slavery disfigured a part of the Republic. Labour cannot emancipate itself in the white skin where in the black it is branded.
  • Volume I, Chapter 10, Section 7, pg.329

• If this labourer were in possession of his own means of production, and was satisfied to live as a labourer, he need not work beyond beyond the time necessary for the reproduction of his means of subsistence, say 8 hours a day.
  • Volume I, Chapter 11, pg.336

• The directing motive, the end and aim of capitalist production, is to extract the greatest possible amount of surplus value, and consequently to exploit labor-power to the greatest possible extent.
  • Volume I, Chapter 13, pg.363

• Die Technologie enthüllt das aktive Verhalten des Menschen zur Natur, den unmittelbaren Produktionsprozesss seines Lebens, damit auch seiner gesellschaftlichen Lebensverhältnisse und der ihnen entquellenden geistigen Vorstellungen.
  • Technology discloses the active relation of man towards nature, as well as the direct process of production of his very life, and thereby the process of production of his basic societal relations, of his own mentality, and his images of society, too.
  • Volume I, Chapter 13: "Machinery and Big Industry"

• As the chosen people bore in their features the sign manual of Jehovah, so the division of labour brands the manufacturing workman as the property of capital.
  • Volume I, Chapter 14, Section 5, pg.396

• An organised system of machines, to which motion is communicated by the transmitting mechanism from a central automation, is the most developed form of production by machinery.
  • Volume I, Chapter 15, Section 1, pg.416

• The tool, as we have seen, is not exterminated by the machine.
  • Volume I, Chapter 15, Section 2, pg.422

• In England women are still occasionally used instead of horses for hauling canal boats, because the labour required to produce horses and machines is an accurately known quantity, while that required to maintain the women of the surplus population is below all calculation.
  • Volume I, Chapter 15, Section 2, pg.430

Karl Marx

• But, suppose, besides, that the making of the new machinery affords employment to a greater number of mechanics, can that be called compensation to the carpet makers, thrown on the streets?
  • Volume I, Chapter 15, Section 6, pg.479

• Unlimited exploitation of cheap labour-power is the sole foundation of their power to compete.
  • Volume I, Chapter 15, Section 8, pg.520

• Capitalist production, therefore, develops technology, and the combining together of various processes into a social whole, only by sapping the original sources of all wealth — the soil and the labourer.
  • Volume I, Chapter 15 (last sentence), pg.556

• In capitalist society spare time is acquired for one class by converting the whole life-time of the masses into labour-time.
  • Volume I, Chapter 17, Section IV, pg.581

• Classical political economy nearly touches the true relation of things,without, however,consciously formulating it. This it cannot so long as it sticks in its bourgeois skin.
  • Volume I, Chapter 19, pg.594

• If production be capitalistic in form, so, too, will be reproduction.
  • Volume I, Chapter 23, pg.620

• In reality, the labourer belongs to capital before he has sold himself to capital.
  • Volume I, Chapter 23, pg.633

• Accumulate, accumulate! That is Moses and the prophets!
  • Volume I, Chapter 24, Section 3, pg.652

• But if the labourers could live on air they could not be bought at any price.
  • Volume I, Chapter 24, Section 4, pg.657

• Capital grows in one place to a huge mass in a single hand, because it has in another place been lost by many. This is centralisation proper, as distinct from accumulation and concentration.
  • Volume I, Chapter 25, Section 2, pg.686

• In its beginnings, the credit system sneaks in as a modest helper of accumulation and draws by invisible threads the money resources scattered all over the surface of society into the hands of individual or associated capitalists. But soon it becomes a new and formidable weapon in the competitive struggle, and finally it transforms itself into an immense social mechanism for the centralisation of capitals.
  • Volume I, Chapter 25, Section 2, pg.687

• Of all the animals kept by the farmer, the labourer, the instrumentum vocale, was,thenceforth, the most oppressed, the worst nourished, the most brutally treated.
  • Volume I, Chapter 25, Section 4(e), pg.742

• The Irish famine of 1846 killed more than 1,000,000 people, but it killed poor devils only. To the wealth of the country it did not the slightest damage.
  • Volume I, Chapter 25, Section 4(f), pg.774

• Every one knows that there are no real forests in England.The deer in the parks of the great are demurely domestic cattle, fat as London alderman.
  • Volume I, Chapter 27, pg.803

• The national debt has given rise to joint stock companies, to dealings in negotiable effects of all kinds, and to agiotage, in a word to stock-exchange gambling and the modern bankocracy.
  • Volume I, Chapter 31, pg.827

• A great deal of capital, which appears to-day in the United States without any certificate of birth, was yesterday, in England, the capitalised blood of children.
  • Volume I, Chapter 31, pg.829

• One capitalist always kills many.
  • Volume I, Chapter 32, p. 836

• The monopoly of capital becomes a fetter upon the mode of production, which has sprung up and flourished along with, and under it. Centralisation of the means of production and socialisation of labour at last reach a point where they become incompatible with there capitalist integument. This integument is burst asunder. The knell of capitalist private property sounds. The expropriators are expropriated.
  • Volume I, Chapter 32, pg.837

• But capitalist production begets,with the inexorability of a law of Nature,its own negation. It is the negation of negation.
  • Volume I, Chapter 32, p. 837

Das_Kapital_(Buch_II)_(1893)">

Das Kapital (Buch II) (1893)

Capital, Volume II (Capital: A Critique of Political Economy) (1893)

• Nor is it the irrationality of the form which is taken as characteristic. On the contrary, one overlooks the irrational.
  • Volume II, Chapter I, p. 30

• So long as the product is sold, everything is taking its regular course from the standpoint of the capitalist producer.
  • Volume II, Chapter II, p. 78

• The entire process seems simple and natural, i.e., possesses the naturalness of a shallow rationalism.
  • Volume II, Chapter III, p. 95

• In a constantly revolving circle every point is simultaneously a point of departure and a point of return. If we interrupt the rotation, not every point of departure is a point of return.
  • Volume II, Chapter IV, p. 104

• For capitalism is abolished root and branch by the bare assumption that it is personal consumption and not enrichment that works as the compelling motive.
  • Volume II, Chapter IV, p. 123

• A house sold by A to B does not wonder from one place to another, although it circulates as a commodity.
  • Volume II, Chapter VI, p. 152

• A circuit performed by a capital and meant to be a periodical process, not an individual act, is called its turnover. The duration of this turnover is determined by the sum of its time of production and its time of circulation.
  • Volume II, Chapter VII, p. 158

• As a beast of toil an ox is fixed capital. If he is eaten, he no longer functions as an instrument of labour, nor as fixed capital either.
  • Volume II, Chapter VIII, p. 163

• So far as living instruments of labour are concerned, for instance horses, their reproduction is timed by nature itself. Their average lifetime as instruments of labour is determined by the laws of nature. As soon as this term has expired they must be replaced by new ones. A horse cannot be replaced piecemeal; it must be replaced by another horse.
  • Volume II, Chapter VIII, p. 174

• It goes without saying that the normal durability of fixed capital is calculated on the supposition that all the conditions under which it can perform its functions normally during that time are fulfilled, just as we assume, in placing a mans life at 30 years on the average,that he will wash himself.
• Volume II, Chapter VIII, p. 176-177

• What strikes one here above all is the crudely empirical conception of profit derived from the outlook of the ordinary capitalist, which wholly contradicts the better esoteric understanding of Adam Smith.
  • Volume II, Chapter X, p. 202

• We have just seen that, apart from money-capital, circulating capital is only another name for commodity-capital. But to the extent that labour power circulates in the market,it is not capital, no form of commodity-capital. It is not capital at all; the labourer is not a capitalist, although he brings a commodity to market, namely his own skin.
  • Volume II, Chapter X, p. 211

• Titles of property, for instance railway shares, may change hands every day, and their owner may make a profit by their sale even in foreign countries, so that titles to property are exportable, although the railway itself is not.
  • Volume II, Chapter X, p. 215

• Anyone wanting a new house picks one from among those built on speculation or still in process of construction. The builder no longer works for his customers but for the market.
  • Volume II, Chapter XII, p. 237

• The capitalist cannot store labour-power in warehouses after he has bought it, as he may do with the raw material.
  • Volume II, Chapter XV, p. 285

• In capitalist society however where social reason always asserts itself only post festum great disturbances may and must constantly occur.
  • Volume II, Chapter XVI, p. 319

• But simultaneously with the development of capitalist production the credit system also develops. The money-capital which the capitalist cannot as yet employ in his own business is employed by others, who pay him interest for its use.
  • Volume II, Chapter XVII, p. 325

• On the other hand one must not entertain any fantastic illusions on the productive power of the credit system, so far as it supplies or sets in motion money-capital.
  • Volume II, Chapter XVII, p. 351

• The labour-power is a commodity, not capital, in the hands of the labourer, and it constitutes for him a revenue so long as he can continuously repeat its sale; it functions as capital after its sale, in the hands of the capitalist, during the process of production itself.
  • Volume II, Chapter XIX, p. 384

• It appears then, that capitalist production comprises conditions independent of good or bad will, conditions which permit the working-class to enjoy that relative prosperity only momentarily, and at that always only as the harbinger of a coming crisis.
  • Volume II, Chapter XX, p. 415

• The aggregate capital appears as the capital stock of all individual capitalists combined. This joint stock company has in common with many other stock companies that everyone knows what he puts in, but not what he will get out of it.
  • Volume II, Chapter XX, p. 437

• Since the working-class lives from hand to mouth,it buys as long as it has the means to buy.
  • Volume II, Chapter XX, p. 449

• As the variable capital always stays in the hands of the capitalist in some form or other, it cannot be claimed in any way that it converts itself into revenue for anyone.
  • Volume II, Chapter XX, p.452 (italics as per text...)

• Capitalist production does not exist at all without foreign commerce.
  • Volume II, Chapter XX, p. 474 (See also...David Ricardo, The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation, Chapter VII, p. 81)

• These numerous points at which money is withdrawn from circulation and accumulated in numerous individual hoards or potential money-capitals appears as so many obstacles to circulation, because they immobilise the money and deprive it of its capacity to circulate for a certain time.
  • Volume II, Chapter XXI, p. 497

• The process is so complicated that it offers ever so many occasions for running abnormally.
  • Volume II, Chapter XXI, p. 500

• Long hours of labour seem to be the secret of the rational and healthful processes, which are to raise the condition of the labourer by an improvement of his mental and moral powers and to make a rational consumer out of him.
  • Volume II, Chapter XXI, p. 520

Das_Kapital_(Buch_III)_(1894)">

Das Kapital (Buch III) (1894)

Capital, Volume III (Capital: A Critique of Political Economy) (1894)

• In a social order dominated by capitalist production even the non-capitalist producer is gripped by capitalist conceptions.
  • Volume III, Chapter I, Cost Price and Profit, p. 39

• Since property here exists in the form of stock, its movement and transfer become purely a result of gambling on the stock exchange, where the little fish are swallowed by the sharks and the lambs by the stock exchange wolves.
  • Volume III, Chapter XXVII, The Role of Credit, p. 440

• In short, competition has to shoulder the responsibility of explaining all the meaningless ideas of the economists, whereas it should rather be the economists who explain competition.
  • Volume III, Chapter L, Illusions Created by Competition, p. 866

• • For more quotes from this work, go here: Capital, Volume III

Miscellaneous

• Your favourite virtue ... Simplicity Your favourite virtue in man ... Strength Your favourite virtue in woman ... Weakness Your chief characteristic ... Singleness of purpose Your idea of happiness ... To fight Your idea of misery ... Submission The vice you excuse most ... Gullibility The vice you detest most ... Servility Your aversion ... Martin Tupper Favourite occupation ... Book-worming Favourite poet ... Shakespeare, Aeschylus, Goethe Favourite prose-writer ... Diderot Favourite hero ... Spartacus, Kepler Favourite heroine ... Gretchen [Heroine of Goethe's Faust] Favourite flower ... Daphne Favourite colour ... Red Favourite name ... Laura, Jenny Favourite dish ... Fish Favourite maxim ... Nihil humani a me alienum puto [Nothing human is alien to me] Favourite motto ... De omnibus dubitandum [Everything must be doubted].
  • Marx's replies to a set of questions given to him by his daughters Jenny and Laura in 1865 [2]

• There is something in human history like retribution; and it is a rule of historical retribution that its instrument be forged not by the offended, but by the offender himself. The first blow dealt to the French monarchy proceeded from the nobility, not from the peasants. The Indian revolt does not commence with the ryots, tortured, dishonoured and stripped naked by the British, but with the sepoys, clad, fed and petted, fatted and pampered by them.
  • In an article written for the New York Daily Tribune, September 16, 1857 [3]

• If anything is certain, it is that I myself am not a Marxist
  • Original: Ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas Marxiste.
  • Marx quoted and translated by Engels (in a letter to Eduard Bernstein) about the peculiar Marxism which arose in France 1882. Original: "Ce qu'il y a de certain c'est que moi, je ne suis pas Marxiste" [4]

• The product of mental labor — science — always stands far below its value, because the labor-time necessary to reproduce it has no relation at all to the labor-time required for its original production.
  • Addenda, "Relative and Absolute Surplus Value" in Economic Manuscripts (1861-63)

• Mit allen ihren Mängeln erscheint diese Konstitution mitten in der russisch−preußisch−österreichischen Barbarei als das einzige Freiheitswerk, das Osteuropa je selbständig hervorgebracht hat. Und sie ging ausschließlich von der bevorrechteten Klasse, dem Adel, aus. Die Weltgeschichte bietet kein andres Beispiel von ähnlichem Adel des Adels.
  • Despite all its shortcomings, this Constitution looms against the background of Russo-Prusso-Austrian barbarism as the only work of liberty which Eastern Europe has ever created independently, and it emerged exclusively from the privileged class, from the nobility. The history of the world has never seen another example of such nobility of the nobility.
  • On the Polish Constitution of May 3, 1791.
  • "Poland, Prussia and Russia" (1863 manuscript). In Werner Conze and Dieter Hertz-Eichenrode (ed.) Manuskripte über die polnische Frage (1863-1864). Hague: Mouton, 1961

• It's possible that I shall make an ass of myself. But in that case one can always get out of it with a little dialectic. I have, of course, so worded my proposition as to be right either way.
  • In a letter to Engels regarding the Indian Mutiny, from p. 152, Vol. 40, of the Collected Works, (Lawrence and Wishart).

Quotes About Karl Marx

• Marx profoundly affected those who did not accept his system. His influence extended to those who least supposed they were subject to it.
  • John Kenneth Galbraith, The Affluent Society, Chapter 6, Section III, p. 63

• If we agree that the Bible is a work of collective authorship, only Mohammed rivals Marx in the number of professed and devoted followers recruited by a single author. And the competition is not really very close. The followers of Marx far outnumber the sons of the Prophet.
  • John Kenneth Galbraith, The Age Of Uncertainty,Chapter 3, pg.77

• But had Marx not lived there would have been other socialists and other prophets of a new society.
  • Robert Heilbroner, The Worldly Philosophers, Chapter 6, p. 131

• Marx did not call for an opposition to the forces of history. On the contrary he accepted all of them, the drive of technology, the revolutionizing effects of democratic striving, even the vagaries of capitalism, as being indeed the carriers of a brighter future.
  • Robert Heilbroner, The Future As History, Chapter I, Part 8, p. 41

• If only this capitalistic New York newspaper had treated him more kindly, if only Marx had remained a foreign correspondent, history might have been different.
  • John Fitzgerald Kennedy, Address before the American Newspaper Publishers Association (27 April 1961)

• And while Lennon read a book of Marx, The quartet practiced in the park, And we sang dirges in the dark The day the music died.
  • Don McLean, American Pie, verse 10, lines 5-8, track 1,(UAS-5535, 1971 United Artist Records)

• I began to read Capital, just as one reads any book, to see what was in it; I found a great deal that neither its followers nor its opponents had prepared me to expect.
  • Joan Robinson, An Essay on Marxian Economics, Preface To The Second Edition, p. vi

• There can be no doubt about the virulence of the hostility which has been shown by the critics of Marxism. Again and again his economic theories have been said to have been killed. But the superstition which says that those who have been wrongly reported dead will have a long life has certainly proved true in regard to the ideas of Marx. No other body of economic ideas, not even classicism at the height of its power, has exerted so lasting an influence on political practice.
  • Eric Roll, The History Of Economic Thought, Chapter VI, p. 250

• In yet another aspect he is the last of the great system-builders, the successor of Hegel, a believer, like him, in a rational formula summing up the evolution of mankind.
  • Bertrand Russell, A History of Western Philosophy, Chapter XXVII, pg.782

• Marx's father became a Christian when Marx was a little boy, and some, at least, of the dogmas he must have then accepted seem to have born fruit in his son's psychology.
  • Bertrand Russell, Unpopular Essays, Chapter X, p. 194

• However, if Marx had not been more than a purveyor of phraseology, he would be dead by now.
  • Joseph A. Schumpeter, Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy, Third Edition, Chapter 1, pg.5

Attributed

• Marx ... died in 1883, at the age of sixty-five, his great work incomplete. Worn out and embittered when a servant asked him whether he had any advice for posterity, he roared: 'Go on, get out! Last words are for fools who haven't said enough.'
  • Peter Bushell, London's Secret History (1983)
• He was a loving, gentle and indulgent father. "Children should educate their parents," he used to say.
  • In Reminiscences of Marx and Engels. Moscow: Institute of Marxism-Leninism, 1956.

Misattributed

• The oppressed are allowed once every few years to decide which particular representatives of the oppressing class shall represent and repress them in parliament.
  • Actually from State and Revolution by Vladimir Lenin
    • Instead of deciding once in three or six years which member of the ruling class was to misrepresent the people in Parliament, universal suffrage was to serve the people, constituted in Communes, as individual suffrage serves every other employer in the search for the workmen and managers in his business. Karl Marx: The Civil War in France. The Third Address May, 1871.
      • Statt einmal in drei oder sechs Jahren zu entscheiden, welches Mitglied der herrschenden Klasse das Volk im Parlament ver- und zertreten soll, sollte das allgemeine Stimmrecht dem in Kommunen konstituierten Volk dienen, wie das individuelle Stimmrecht jedem andern Arbeitgeber dazu dient, Arbeiter, Aufseher und Buchhalter in seinem Geschäft auszusuchen. Karl Marx: Der Bürgerkrieg in Frankreich. Adresse des Generalrats der Internationalen Arbeiterassoziation, 1871. MEW 17, S.340.
• The rich will do anything for the poor but get off their backs.
  • Actually attributed to Leo Tolstoy, e.g., in Romance and Reality by Holbrook Jackson (1912).
• Democracy is the road to socialism.
  • A characterization of the Communist Manifesto.
• Owners of capital will stimulate working class to buy more and more of expensive goods, houses and technology, pushing them to take more and more expensive credits, until their debt becomes unbearable. The unpaid debt will lead to bankruptcy of banks which will have to be nationalized and State will have to take the road which will eventually lead to communism.
  • Said to be a quote from 'Das Kapital'^[1], actually taken from a satiric website ^[2][3]

References

1. ↑ [1]
2. ↑ http://www.newsmutiny.com/pages/Communist_Reeducation.html
3. ↑ Author of article on the satiric website says that he is not author of the quote

External links

Wikipedia has an article about: Karl Marx Wikisource has original text related to: Author:Karl Marx

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